About Eye

Eye

The eye is an important and one of the most complex sensory organs that we humans are endowed with. It helps us in visualizing objects and also helps us in light perception, colour and depth perception. Besides, these sense organs are pretty much similar to cameras, and they help us see objects when light coming from outside enters them. That being said, it is quite interesting to understand the structure and working of the human eye. It also helps us in understanding how a camera actually functions. Let’s have a glance at the human eye – its structure and functions.

1. Lens

Behind the pupil, there is a transparent structure called a lens. By the action of ciliary muscles, it changes its shape to focus light on the retina. It becomes thinner to focus on distant objects and becomes thicker to focus on the nearby objects.

2. Iris

A dark muscular tissue and ring-like structure behind the cornea is known as the iris. The colour of the iris actually indicates the colour of the eye. The iris also helps regulate or adjust exposure by adjusting the iris.

3. Cornea

cornea is the clear, dome-shaped covering at the front of each of your eyes. It’s like your eye’s version of a windshield. It keeps debris, germs and more out. Its specific shape plays a key role in how your eyesight works and filters some ultraviolet (UV) rays. Your corneas are just in front of a fluid-filled chamber of your eye called the anterior (forward) chamber, which contains the aqueous humor. Behind the anterior chamber are your iris and pupil, followed by the lens. Surrounding your cornea is the sclera (the white part of your eye). Because corneas are the first line of defense for the surface of your eye, they’re also prone to injuries and damage. Fortunately, your corneas also have fast, effective self-repair abilities.

4. Sclera

The sclera is the white part of your eye. It’s a protective covering that wraps over most of your eyeball. It extends from the cornea at the front of your eye to the optic nerve in the back. The sclera is thin — only around a millimeter thick (the same as a credit card) — but it’s a strong, protective layer of tissue that gives your eye its white color. It protects and supports your eye. The plural for sclera is sclerae.

5. Retina

The retina converts light that enters into your eye into electrical signals your optic nerve sends to your brain which creates the images you see. It’s a key part of your vision.The retina is the layer at the very back of your eyeball.

6. optic nerve

optic nerve, second cranial nerve, which carries sensory nerve impulses from the more than one million ganglion cells of the retina toward the visual centres in the brain. The vast majority of optic nerve fibres convey information regarding central vision.

7. Choroid

The choroid is the middle layer of tissue in the wall of the eye. It’s found between the sclera (the whites of the eyes) and the retina (the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye). This thin layer of tissue is made up almost entirely of blood vessels. These blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the outer part of the retina. In short, the choroid is the life source that keeps the retina healthy and functioning.

9. Viterous humour

The vitreous humor, also called vitreous fluid, is a clear gel-like substance that’s located in your eye. It takes up the space between your eye’s lens and retina. The vitreous cavity is the name of this space. The vitreous humor helps your eye keep its shape.

10. Ora Serrata

The ora serrata is the serrated junction between the retina and the ciliary body. This junction marks the transition from the simple non-photosensitive area of the retina to the complex, multi-layered photosensitive region.